Pressure & Flow Reactors 
Multi-phase reactor systems are widely used in fine chemicals, oil and gas, petrochemical refineries, pharmaceutical, pesticides and in research centres. With the evolving needs of the industry for enhanced productivity and lower cost of production; Amar offers tubular reactor systems in continuous manner for various applications with system integration and automation which maximizes the efficiency and accuracy of research and production operations
Catalyst testing, oxidation, reforming, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, liquefaction, Fischer Tropsch process, hydro-cracking, carboxylation, catalyst screening, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), micro reactor system, syngas reactor system, pyrolysis reactor system, packed bed reactor system, vapour rig system, biomass gasification system, hydro-processing catalyst testing system, catalyst-reduction unit, multi-purpose reactor unit, vapor phase reaction system etc.
Trickle bed reactors are extensively used in chemical and associated industries such as petroleum, petrochemical, oil and gas, mineral and coal industries, pharmaceuticals, fine and specialty chemicals, biochemicals, and waste treatment. Applications may vary considerably from industry to industry and may include cracking of large organic molecules into useful desired products, upgrading petroleum feedstock, conversion of unsaturated organics into saturated products, conversion of coal-derived products, conversion of gaseous reactants into fuels, hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of bio-oils (upgrading), polymerization of monomers for a variety of commodity applications, stripping of unwanted chemicals, purification of feedstocks, manufacturing pharmaceutical and their intermediates, aromatization and dearomatization of organic materials used typically in specialty chemicals, oxidation, demetallization, denitrification, dewaxing, desulfurization, removal of pollutants, and wastewater treatment. Trickle bed reactors are preferred for large volume processes. Scales and key operational characteristics of trickle bed reactors used in different applications cover a broad range.
Catalyst testing, oxidation, reforming, hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, liquefaction, Fischer-Tropsch process, hydro-cracking, carboxylation, catalyst screening, fluid catalytic cracking (FCC), micro reactor system, syngas reactor system, pyrolysis reactor system, packed bed reactor system, vapour rig system, biomass gasification system, hydro-processing catalyst testing system, catalyst-reduction unit, multi-purpose reactor unit, vapor phase reaction system etc.
A fluidized bed reactor system manufactured by Amar ensure even temperature distribution throughout the burning zone, while solid catalyst particles are freely suspended using gas of high velocity.
Combustion of solid fuels, Pyrolysis reactions, coal gasification, biomass gasification.
The table top reactor system is very compact & complete semi or fully automated system for vapor phase catalyst evaluation and continuous flow process analysis. The reactor and feed lines are mounted within an isothermal oven.
To manually charge different gases at desired pressures upto 140 bar / 2000 psi or higherinto the reactor from gas cylinder. Nitrogen, Oxygen & Hydrogen can be charged throughsame regulator (with special adaptor). The regulator is made from SS316 & comes with inlet -outlet pressure gauges & flexible SS braided Teflon PTFE high pressure hose pipe (4m long) with non return valve.
Gas boosters are useful when the cylinder pressures are much lower than the autoclave ratedpressures. In such case the booster takes gas at lower pressure from cylinder & compresses thesame to deliver at higher pressures. They are generally pneumatically operated. Special gasbooster pumps are available for liquid CO used in supercritical fluid extraction system. The 2booster systems are supplied with air filter regulator, pressure relief valves, inlet-outlet pressuregauges, valves & flexible hose pipe.
MFM can be used to measure accurate mass flow rate of gas (in gm/hr or LPH) & totalized quantity of mass / volume (in gms/ltr) charged in the autoclave at any point. Mass flow controller (MFC) is used to charge the set flow rate of gas into the autoclave at high pressures up to 100 bar or it can be used in pressure control mode to indicate the gas flow & total gas uptake to maintain desired set pressure inside the autoclave (ideal for hydrogenation). The same MFM / MFC can be used for multiple gases by just entering the conversion factor for different gas densities provided the gases are inert to each other. The MFM/MFC comes with high pressure flexible hose, inlet filter with digital gas flow indicator cum totalizer & additional pressure PID controller with pressure sensor if the MFC is used in pressure control mode. User has to specify the maximum flow rate range, pressure, gas & mode (flow control or pressure control) for ordering MFM/MFC.
These are used for higher & accurate gas or liquid flow rate indication or control in cases where thermal mass flow meters are not suitable. A common meter can be used for different gases & liquids for a particular range of flow.
It consists of SS316 pressure sensor (transmitter) & digital pressure indicator/ controller (mounted on common control panel) with pressure alarm & optionally heater cut off for safety. Digital pressure indicator has pressure reading in bar & psi, where as controller reads any one ofthe units. The controller is normally used with mass flow controllers (MFCs) or solenoid/flow control valves to maintain constant pressure inside the autoclave. With MFC, gas flow indicator & totalizer are also provided on the same panel. The pressure sensor has temperature limitation upto 100°C & hence the same is provided with water cooling jacket.
This system is used to charge liquid at a desired rate from as low as 1 ml/hr to 100 ltr/hr, when the autoclave is under pressurized condition. The system comes with a metering pump, flow indicator, controller, liquid sump, pressure gauge, strainer & high pressure hose.
Pressure safety valve, flow totalizer can be offered on request. Types of pumps offered are:
In line flow meters can be connected to measure & control the flow of the liquids.
It is used to heat jacketed autoclave from ambient to 150°C by circulating thermic fluid inside thejacket. It consist of bath, pump, level switch, heater & internal cooling coil for cooling from hightemperature to ambient temperature using chilled water or brine solution.It is suitable for reactors up to 5 liter volume.
Optional
It is used to heat jacketed autoclave from ambient to 350°C by circulating thermic fluid. Itconsist of a closed pressure withstanding tank, magnetically coupled pump, heater, levelindicator & internal cooling coil for cooling from high temperature to ambient temperatureusing chilled water or brine solution.
Suitable for reactors up to 100 ltr volume.
Optional
It is used to cool or control reactor temperature to -50°C by circulating thermic fluid cooled toup to -75°C inside the jacket or internal coil. It consists of a bath, pump, compressor, condenser& level switch.
Suitable for reactors up to 100 ltr volume
It is used to heat, cool & control reactor temperature by circulating thermic fluid in theautoclave jacket. It consists of a bath, pump, heater, compressor, condenser & level switch.
Temperature range: -25°C to 175°C.
Suitable for reactors up to 5 ltr volume
It is used to heat, cool & control reactor temperature by circulating thermic fluid in theautoclave jacket. It consists of a bath, pump, heater, compressor, condenser & level switch.
Temperature range: -35°C to 200°C / -80°C to 180°C.
Suitable for reactors up to 1000 ltr volume.
These valves can be connected at jacket inlet for controlling flow of steam/ hot oil/ water fortemperature control from PID or at the inlet or outlet of the autoclaves for control of pressure.
It is a SS-316 shell & tube reverse flow heat exchanger for distillation/condensing vent vapours from the autoclave upto 10 bar pressure. It is offered in different surface areas such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 & 2 m². The condensate can be collected separately in a receiver or optionally refluxed back into the reactor.
SS 316 receiver pot can be connected at the outlet of the shell & tube or reflux condensor to collect the condensate separately. It is also provided with a port to apply vacuum & offered in 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 ltr, 2 ltr & 5 ltr volumes. Higher volumes & other materials can be offered onspecial request. It can be optionally provided with level indication.
It is SS 316 regulator mounted on the vent line of the autoclave & is used for maintainingconstant pressure inside the autoclave upto 350 bar. The pressure is maintained by releasing theexcess pressure into the atmosphere or through a hose to safe area. The pressure can be setinitially on the gauge, by manually varying the knob until the gas comes out. Once the setpressure is exceeded the excess pressure is released until the autoclave pressure becomes equalto or below the set pressure. The pressure release is slow & gradual & the set pressure can bevaried at any point.
High pressure autoclaves are provided with built in safety rupture disc, however additionalsafety can be offered by providing pressure safety valve for which release pressure can be setmanually by increasing or decreasing the spring tension or by simply changing the spring. Theset pressure should normally be around the design pressure. Safety relief valves are standardsupply for glass autoclave & shaker hydrogentor where rupture discs are not available for lowpressures. These valves come with PTFE / Kalrez O-rings.
SCADA is a supervisory control & data acquisition software with all controllers / indicatorshaving RS 485 modbus communication port or PLC & HMI / touch panel, for online display, setpoint changes & data logging of various parameters like pressure, temperature, motor RPM,motor current / torque, liquid / gas flow rate with totaliser, heater temperature, level, pH, ORP,turbidity, IR etc. remotely from PC as well as locally from panel. It gives continuous online datalogging at predefined (variable) time interval, online graphical representation as well ashistorical data & graphs on PC for single or multiple autoclaves. RS 485-232 convertor & cableupto 50 m or higher is also supplied.
Ex-proof certified gas purge panels for electrical accessories / utilities like heating cooling circulators etc.
To manually charge different gases at desired pressures upto 140 bar / 2000 psi or higherinto the reactor from gas cylinder. Nitrogen, Oxygen & Hydrogen can be charged throughsame regulator (with special adaptor). The regulator is made from SS316 & comes with inlet -outlet pressure gauges & flexible SS braided Teflon PTFE high pressure hose pipe (4m long) with non return valve.
MFM can be used to measure accurate mass flow rate of gas (in gm/hr or LPH) & totalized quantity of mass / volume (in gms/ltr) charged in the autoclave at any point. Mass flow controller (MFC) is used to charge the set flow rate of gas into the autoclave at high pressures up to 100 bar or it can be used in pressure control mode to indicate the gas flow & total gas uptake to maintain desired set pressure inside the autoclave (ideal for hydrogenation). The same MFM / MFC can be used for multiple gases by just entering the conversion factor for different gas densities provided the gases are inert to each other. The MFM/MFC comes with high pressure flexible hose, inlet filter with digital gas flow indicator cum totalizer & additional pressure PID controller with pressure sensor if the MFC is used in pressure control mode. User has to specify the maximum flow rate range, pressure, gas & mode (flow control or pressure control) for ordering MFM/MFC.
These are used for higher & accurate gas or liquid flow rate indication or control in cases where thermal mass flow meters are not suitable. A common meter can be used for different gases & liquids for a particular range of flow.
It consists of SS316 pressure sensor (transmitter) & digital pressure indicator/ controller (mounted on common control panel) with pressure alarm & optionally heater cut off for safety. Digital pressure indicator has pressure reading in bar & psi, where as controller reads any one ofthe units. The controller is normally used with mass flow controllers (MFCs) or solenoid/flow control valves to maintain constant pressure inside the autoclave. With MFC, gas flow indicator & totalizer are also provided on the same panel. The pressure sensor has temperature limitation upto 100°C & hence the same is provided with water cooling jacket.
This system is used to charge liquid at a desired rate from as low as 1 ml/hr to 100 ltr/hr, when the autoclave is under pressurized condition. The system comes with a metering pump, flow indicator, controller, liquid sump, pressure gauge, strainer & high pressure hose.
Pressure safety valve, flow totalizer can be offered on request. Types of pumps offered are:
In line flow meters can be connected to measure & control the flow of the liquids.
It is used to heat jacketed autoclave from ambient to 150°C by circulating thermic fluid inside thejacket. It consist of bath, pump, level switch, heater & internal cooling coil for cooling from hightemperature to ambient temperature using chilled water or brine solution.It is suitable for reactors up to 5 liter volume.
Optional
It is used to heat jacketed autoclave from ambient to 350°C by circulating thermic fluid. Itconsist of a closed pressure withstanding tank, magnetically coupled pump, heater, levelindicator & internal cooling coil for cooling from high temperature to ambient temperatureusing chilled water or brine solution.
Suitable for reactors up to 100 ltr volume.
Optional
It is used to cool or control reactor temperature to -50°C by circulating thermic fluid cooled toup to -75°C inside the jacket or internal coil. It consists of a bath, pump, compressor, condenser& level switch.
Suitable for reactors up to 100 ltr volume
It is used to heat, cool & control reactor temperature by circulating thermic fluid in theautoclave jacket. It consists of a bath, pump, heater, compressor, condenser & level switch.
Temperature range: -25°C to 175°C.
Suitable for reactors up to 5 ltr volume
It is used to heat, cool & control reactor temperature by circulating thermic fluid in theautoclave jacket. It consists of a bath, pump, heater, compressor, condenser & level switch.
Temperature range: -35°C to 200°C / -80°C to 180°C.
Suitable for reactors up to 1000 ltr volume.
These valves can be connected at jacket inlet for controlling flow of steam/ hot oil/ water fortemperature control from PID or at the inlet or outlet of the autoclaves for control of pressure.
It is a SS-316 shell & tube reverse flow heat exchanger for distillation/condensing vent vapours from the autoclave upto 10 bar pressure. It is offered in different surface areas such as 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1 & 2 m². The condensate can be collected separately in a receiver or optionally refluxed back into the reactor.
SS 316 receiver pot can be connected at the outlet of the shell & tube or reflux condensor to collect the condensate separately. It is also provided with a port to apply vacuum & offered in 250 ml, 500 ml, 1 ltr, 2 ltr & 5 ltr volumes. Higher volumes & other materials can be offered onspecial request. It can be optionally provided with level indication.
It is SS 316 regulator mounted on the vent line of the autoclave & is used for maintainingconstant pressure inside the autoclave upto 350 bar. The pressure is maintained by releasing theexcess pressure into the atmosphere or through a hose to safe area. The pressure can be setinitially on the gauge, by manually varying the knob until the gas comes out. Once the setpressure is exceeded the excess pressure is released until the autoclave pressure becomes equalto or below the set pressure. The pressure release is slow & gradual & the set pressure can bevaried at any point.
High pressure autoclaves are provided with built in safety rupture disc, however additionalsafety can be offered by providing pressure safety valve for which release pressure can be setmanually by increasing or decreasing the spring tension or by simply changing the spring. Theset pressure should normally be around the design pressure. Safety relief valves are standardsupply for glass autoclave & shaker hydrogentor where rupture discs are not available for lowpressures. These valves come with PTFE / Kalrez O-rings.
SCADA is a supervisory control & data acquisition software with all controllers / indicatorshaving RS 485 modbus communication port or PLC & HMI / touch panel, for online display, setpoint changes & data logging of various parameters like pressure, temperature, motor RPM,motor current / torque, liquid / gas flow rate with totaliser, heater temperature, level, pH, ORP,turbidity, IR etc. remotely from PC as well as locally from panel. It gives continuous online datalogging at predefined (variable) time interval, online graphical representation as well ashistorical data & graphs on PC for single or multiple autoclaves. RS 485-232 convertor & cableupto 50 m or higher is also supplied.
Ex-proof certified gas purge panels for electrical accessories / utilities like heating cooling circulators etc.
Note: All accessories may not be applicable for above models.